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Introduction
Lupus panniculitis (LP) is an unusual type of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) wherein the cutaneous inflammatory reaction involves primarily the deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat. It is characterized by the appearance of recurrent, mostly asymptomatic, firm, nodules or plaques, involving the face, upper limbs, and buttocks.
Case Report
In our case, a 30-year-old female presented with a non-tender, non-movable nodule on the left breast, 6 weeks prior to her admission. She had fever, chills, and joint pains. The patient later developed hyperpigmented plaques on the infraclavicular area, and left flank extending to the abdomen. Urinalysis showed proteinuria, and RBC cast. She also had leukopenia, and anemia on CBC. Chest computerized tomography (CT) scan revealed a heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue mass in the base of the neck at the right infraclavicular region with malignant features. ANA titer was normal, while skin biopsy on two sites and direct immunofluorescence studies were compatible with lupus panniculitis. She was managed as a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using a combination of hydroxychloroquine, and oral corticosteroids, which afforded temporary relief of symptoms. The patient however was lost to follow-up and opted for alternative medicine, and subsequently succumbed to the complications of SLE.
Conclusion
This case highlights the importance of a carefully made assessment after an accurate clinicopathological correlation was done. This case also emphasizes that although LP if associated with SLE may signify a milder condition, judicious monitoring and follow-up must still be undertaken since management is based on the disease activity.
